Volume 2 Unit 47 of 48

Advanced Subjunctive

Subjuntivo avançado

FSI Portuguese Programmatic Course

Grammar Focus

  • More future subjunctives
  • Present subjunctive of ter + past participle
  • Passive voice: ser + past participle
  • Subtle uses of the subjunctive
  • Adjectives ending in -ável and -ível

Course Material

Grammar Focus — More Future Subjunctives, Present Subjunctive of ter + Past Participle, Passive Voice, and Subtle Subjunctive Uses

Unit 47 expands your command of the subjunctive by introducing future subjunctive forms after additional words and expressions, the present subjunctive of ter with -do forms for completed action, and the passive voice with ser + past participle. You will also encounter some subtle and idiomatic uses of the subjunctive.


Part I — More Future Subjunctives

In earlier units you learned to use the future subjunctive after se (if), quando (when), depois que (after), assim que (as soon as), and logo que (as soon as). The future subjunctive can also appear after several other words and expressions.

After como and onde (uncertainty about present reality)

PortugueseEnglish
como você quiseras you wish
onde você quiserwherever you wish
como o senhor achar melhorhowever you think best

After enquanto (as long as)

PortugueseEnglish
enquanto for precisoas long as it is necessary
enquanto estiver chovendoas long as it’s raining
enquanto ele puderas long as he is able

After nouns and pronouns (uncertain identity)

When the identity of a noun or pronoun is uncertain, the future subjunctive follows:

PortugueseEnglish
Os funcionários que ficarem …The employees who (may) stay …
Quem quiser …Whoever wants …
O que sobrar …Whatever is left over …
Tudo que acontecer …Whatever happens …

Complete examples:

PortugueseEnglish
Os que ficarem vão receber mais.Those who stay will receive more.
Quem chegar primeiro, espera.Whoever arrives first, wait.
Faça como você quiser.Do as you wish.
Eu fico onde você quiser.I’ll stay wherever you wish.
Fique quanto tempo quiser.Stay as long as you like.
Nós fazemos o que for preciso.We’ll do whatever is necessary.
A gente pode ir aonde você quiser.We can go wherever you want.

Part II — Present Subjunctive of ter + -do Forms

To express a completed action in the subjunctive (equivalent to “has done,” “have gone,” etc.), use the present subjunctive of ter + the -do form:

PortugueseEnglish
Espero que ele tenha chegado.I hope he has arrived.
É possível que eles tenham ido.It’s possible they have gone.
Duvido que ela tenha visto.I doubt she has seen it.
É provável que nós tenhamos perdido.It’s probable that we have lost.
Embora ele tenha feito tudo …Although he has done everything …
Talvez ele tenha esquecido.Maybe he has forgotten.

More examples:

PortugueseEnglish
Tomara que eles tenham gostado.I hope they liked it.
Não creio que ela tenha vindo.I don’t believe she has come.
É pena que você não tenha visto.It’s a shame you didn’t see it.
É possível que ela tenha saído.It’s possible that she has left.

Part III — Passive Voice: ser + Past Participle

Portuguese forms the passive voice with ser + the past participle. The participle agrees in gender and number with the subject.

ActivePassive
O Paulo escreveu a carta. (Paulo wrote the letter.)A carta foi escrita pelo Paulo. (The letter was written by Paulo.)
Todos conhecem o restaurante. (Everyone knows the restaurant.)O restaurante é conhecido por todos. (The restaurant is known by everyone.)

Common passive constructions:

PortugueseEnglish
O livro foi publicado em 1980.The book was published in 1980.
A casa foi vendida ontem.The house was sold yesterday.
Os documentos serão assinados amanhã.The documents will be signed tomorrow.
A porta estava trancada.The door was locked.
A reunião foi marcada para segunda-feira.The meeting was set for Monday.
A carta foi escrita em português.The letter was written in Portuguese.
O motorista foi ferido.The driver was injured.

The agent (who performs the action) is introduced by por (by) or pelo/pela:

PortugueseEnglish
O bolo foi feito pela empregada.The cake was made by the maid.
A decisão foi tomada pelo diretor.The decision was made by the director.

Some Subtle Uses of the Subjunctive

Threats and Warnings

Subjunctive forms can express veiled threats or stern warnings. The pattern is: subject + que + (não) + subjunctive:

PortugueseEnglish
Ele que não venha tarde!He had better not come late!
Eles que não se esqueçam!They had better not forget!
A minha empregada que não falte segunda-feira!My maid had better be here on Monday!
Ele que não cumpra a promessa!He had better keep his word!

”Let him/her” with an “I don’t care” attitude

PortugueseEnglish
Que venha, eu não tenho medo dele.Let him come, I’m not afraid of him.
Então que vá sozinha, que me importa.Then let her go alone, I don’t care.
Que não tome, pior para ele.Let him not take it, the worse for him.
Que peça, há muita gente querendo o emprego.Let him resign, there are lots of people who want the job.

Use of Verbs: haver

A review of the verb haver across several tenses:

PortugueseEnglish
Há dois restaurantes franceses.There are two French restaurants.
Havia um concerto por mês.There was one concert per month.
Houve um furacão.There was a hurricane.
Tem que haver mais.There has to be more.
Deve haver mais.There must be more.
Pode haver mais.There may be more.
Vai haver mais.There will be more.
É possível que haja só dois.It’s possible there are only two.
Eu duvido que haja só dois.I doubt there are only two.
E se houvesse mais?What if there were more?
Se houver tempo, a gente vai.If there’s time, we’ll go.
Tomara que não tenha havido manifestações.I hope there haven’t been demonstrations.

Adjectives Ending in -ável and -ível

Many useful adjectives end in -ável or -ível, cognate with English “-ble”:

PortugueseEnglish
adoráveladorable
amávelkind, amiable
miserávelmiserable
confortávelcomfortable
aceitávelacceptable
agradávelpleasant
razoávelreasonable
saudávelhealthy
indispensávelindispensable
provávelprobable
horrívelhorrible
incrívelincredible
possívelpossible
sensívelsensitive (not “sensible” — false cognate!)
visívelvisible
legívellegible
preferívelpreferable
infalívelinfallible
PortugueseEnglish
Que dia miserável!What a miserable day!
A pizza de lá é passável.The pizza there is passable.
Ele disse que não sabia. Incrível!He said he didn’t know. Incredible!
A casa é pequena mas confortável.The house is small but comfortable.
Ninguém é infalível neste mundo.Nobody is infallible in this world.

Muito as “too” and “too much”

The word muito often means “too” or “too much”:

PortugueseEnglish
Isso é muito para mim.That’s too much for me.
Ela é muito alta para você.She’s too tall for you.
Nós somos muito velhos para isso.We’re too old for that.
É muito tarde para começar.It’s too late to begin.
Não tome muito leite.Don’t drink too much milk.

Key Vocabulary Summary

PortugueseEnglish
como … quiserhowever … wishes
onde … quiserwherever … wishes
enquantoas long as, while
quem quiserwhoever wants
tenha + -dopresent subjunctive of ter + past participle
ser + past participlepassive voice
pelo / pelaby (agent in passive)
haverthere is/are (impersonal)
furacãohurricane
manifestaçãodemonstration
adorável / horríveladorable / horrible
sensívelsensitive (false cognate)
incrívelincredible
saudávelhealthy
promessapromise
cumprirto fulfill, keep (a promise)
ameaçarto threaten