Portuguese Verb Conjugations

Portuguese verbs are organized into three conjugation groups based on their infinitive endings: -ar (first conjugation, the largest), -er (second conjugation), and -ir (third conjugation). There is also the unique irregular verb pôr and its derivatives, which form their own group.

Portuguese has two verbs meaning "to be" — ser (for permanent characteristics) and estar (for states and conditions) — a distinction shared with Spanish but absent in many other languages. Another distinctive feature is the personal infinitive, which allows infinitive verbs to be conjugated for each person, a feature nearly unique to Portuguese among Romance languages. The subjuntivo (subjunctive) is widely used after expressions of doubt, desire, and emotion.