Conjugation of the Turkish Verb "okumak"

Şimdiki Zaman — Present Continuous (-(i)yor)

Used for actions happening right now or in the immediate present. The suffix -(i)yor is invariable — it does not follow vowel harmony. Personal endings are added after it.

Geniş Zaman — Aorist / Simple Present (-r / -ar / -er / -ır)

Used for habitual actions, general truths, and abilities. The suffix follows vowel harmony. Monosyllabic stems typically add -ar/-er, while polysyllabic stems add -ır/-ir/-ur/-ür or just -r.

Geçmiş Zaman — Past Definite (-di / -dı / -du / -dü)

Used for witnessed, definite past actions. The suffix follows four-way vowel harmony and voicing assimilation (becomes -ti/-tı/-tu/-tü after voiceless consonants).

Gelecek Zaman — Future (-ecek / -acak)

Used for future actions and intentions. The suffix follows two-way vowel harmony: -ecek (front vowels) or -acak (back vowels). The k softens to ğ before vowel-initial personal endings.

Olumsuz Şimdiki Zaman — Negative Present Continuous (-m(i)yor)

Negation is formed by inserting -me/-ma (following vowel harmony) before the tense suffix. For the present continuous: stem + -m(i)yor + personal ending.

Emir (Imperative)

Direct commands. The informal (sen) form uses the bare stem. The formal/plural (siz) form adds -(i)n/-(ı)n.

Example Sentences (Örnekler)