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Arabic Conjugation of the Kirundi Verb "kumva"
Present Tense (-ra-)
Used for current actions, habits, and general truths. Formed with the present marker -ra- between the subject prefix and the verb stem.
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| jewe (I) | ndamva |
| wewe (you sg.) | uramva |
| we (he/she) | aramva |
| twebwe (we) | turamva |
| mwebwe (you pl.) | muramva |
| bo (they) | baramva |
Recent Past (Hodiernal) (-a-...-ye)
Used for actions completed today or recently. The perfective suffix -ye triggers consonant changes in the stem (e.g., -r- → -z-, -t- → -sh-, -k- → -ts-).
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| jewe (I) | namvise |
| wewe (you sg.) | wamvise |
| we (he/she) | yamvise |
| twebwe (we) | twamvise |
| mwebwe (you pl.) | mwamvise |
| bo (they) | bamvise |
Remote Past (-a-ra-...-ye)
Used for actions completed before today. Adds -ra- to the recent past pattern, indicating greater temporal distance.
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| jewe (I) | naramvise |
| wewe (you sg.) | waramvise |
| we (he/she) | yaramvise |
| twebwe (we) | twaramvise |
| mwebwe (you pl.) | mwaramvise |
| bo (they) | baramvise |
Future Tense (-zo-)
Used for future actions. Formed with the future marker -zo- between the subject prefix and the verb stem.
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| jewe (I) | nzomva |
| wewe (you sg.) | uzomva |
| we (he/she) | azomva |
| twebwe (we) | tuzomva |
| mwebwe (you pl.) | muzomva |
| bo (they) | bazomva |
Negative Present (si-/nti-)
Negation uses si- for first person singular and nti- combined with modified subject prefixes for other persons. The -ra- present marker is typically dropped.
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| jewe (I) | sindamva |
| wewe (you sg.) | ntumva |
| we (he/she) | ntamva |
| twebwe (we) | ntidumva |
| mwebwe (you pl.) | ntimumva |
| bo (they) | ntibamva |
Imperative (Itegeko)
Direct commands. The singular uses the bare stem. The plural/polite form uses nimu- + subjunctive stem (final vowel -e).
| Form | Command |
|---|---|
| Singular (wewe) | umva! |
| Plural / Polite (mwebwe) | nimumve! |
Verb Extensions (Inyongera)
Bantu verb extensions modify the stem to create related meanings — applicative (-ir-), causative (-ish-/-esh-), reciprocal (-an-), passive (-w-), and stative (-ek-).
| Extended Form | Meaning |
|---|---|
| kumvira | to obey / listen to (applicative) |
| kumvikana | to be understandable / agree (stative-reciprocal) |
| kumvisha | to make hear / explain (causative) |
Example Sentences (Ingero)
Wumvise?
Did you hear? / Do you understand?
Sindamva neza.
I don't understand well.
Umvira abavyeyi bawe.
Obey your parents.