Spanish 
French 
German 
Italian 
Portuguese 
Russian 
Chinese 
Japanese 
Korean 
Arabic Conjugation of the Kirundi Verb "gufata"
Present Tense (-ra-)
Used for current actions, habits, and general truths. Formed with the present marker -ra- between the subject prefix and the verb stem.
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| jewe (I) | ndafata |
| wewe (you sg.) | urafata |
| we (he/she) | arafata |
| twebwe (we) | turafata |
| mwebwe (you pl.) | murafata |
| bo (they) | barafata |
Recent Past (Hodiernal) (-a-...-ye)
Used for actions completed today or recently. The perfective suffix -ye triggers consonant changes in the stem (e.g., -r- → -z-, -t- → -sh-, -k- → -ts-).
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| jewe (I) | nafashe |
| wewe (you sg.) | wafashe |
| we (he/she) | yafashe |
| twebwe (we) | twafashe |
| mwebwe (you pl.) | mwafashe |
| bo (they) | bafashe |
Remote Past (-a-ra-...-ye)
Used for actions completed before today. Adds -ra- to the recent past pattern, indicating greater temporal distance.
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| jewe (I) | narafashe |
| wewe (you sg.) | warafashe |
| we (he/she) | yarafashe |
| twebwe (we) | twarafashe |
| mwebwe (you pl.) | mwarafashe |
| bo (they) | barafashe |
Future Tense (-zo-)
Used for future actions. Formed with the future marker -zo- between the subject prefix and the verb stem.
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| jewe (I) | nzofata |
| wewe (you sg.) | uzofata |
| we (he/she) | azofata |
| twebwe (we) | tuzofata |
| mwebwe (you pl.) | muzofata |
| bo (they) | bazofata |
Negative Present (si-/nti-)
Negation uses si- for first person singular and nti- combined with modified subject prefixes for other persons. The -ra- present marker is typically dropped.
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| jewe (I) | sindafata |
| wewe (you sg.) | ntufata |
| we (he/she) | ntafata |
| twebwe (we) | ntidufata |
| mwebwe (you pl.) | ntimufata |
| bo (they) | ntibafata |
Imperative (Itegeko)
Direct commands. The singular uses the bare stem. The plural/polite form uses nimu- + subjunctive stem (final vowel -e).
| Form | Command |
|---|---|
| Singular (wewe) | fata! |
| Plural / Polite (mwebwe) | nimufate! |
Verb Extensions (Inyongera)
Bantu verb extensions modify the stem to create related meanings — applicative (-ir-), causative (-ish-/-esh-), reciprocal (-an-), passive (-w-), and stative (-ek-).
| Extended Form | Meaning |
|---|---|
| gufatana | to hold each other (reciprocal) |
| gufatwa | to be held / arrested (passive) |
| gufatira | to hold for (applicative) |
Example Sentences (Ingero)
Fata iyi!
Hold this!
Yafashwe n'igipolisi.
He was caught by the police.
Turafatana mu minwe.
We are holding each other's hands.