Volume 2 Unit 17 of 30 Phase 2 — Expanding Skills

Instructions to the Servant

FSI Bulgarian Basic Course

Grammar Focus

  • Formal imperative forms
  • Word order in commands and instructions
  • Diminutive and augmentative suffixes
  • Household vocabulary
  • Expressing obligation: длъжен съм, налага се

Course Material

Unit 17 presents a conversation between Иванка and her servant Ана about preparing a dinner party for twelve people, followed by a chance meeting between Иванка and Симеонова on the street. The dialogue covers menu planning, Bulgarian cuisine (stuffed peppers, roast veal, ice cream with fresh fruit), household tasks, and social pleasantries. The grammar notes cover adjective formation (suffixes /-(e)n/, /-en/, /-ski/, /-ov/, /-in/) and a continuation of verb prefixes (Note 17.2).

Basic Sentences

Разговор с прислугата

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
ten peopleдесет души
with us twoс нас двамата
Anna, on Monday evening we’re having ten people for dinner, [so] with us two [there’ll] be twelve.Ана, в понеделник вечер ще имаме десет души на вечеря, с нас двамата дванадесет.

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
Yes, ma’am.Да, госпожа.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
talk overуговоря - уговарям (P-I)
I want to talk over everything right now, as we won’t be in Sofia from Thursday until Sunday evening.Искам да уговорим от сега всичко, тъй като от четвъртък до неделя вечер няма да сме в София.
confusionшашарма
I don’t want confusion at the last minute.Не обичам да има шашарма в последния момент.

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
Yes, ma’am.Да, госпожа.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
prepareприготвя - приготвям (P-I)
What do you think you can prepare?Какво мислиш, че ще можеш да приготвиш?

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
shoppingпазаруване
do my bestстарая се-постарая се (I-P)
Monday’s a bad day for shopping, but I’ll do my best, ma’am.Понеделник е лош ден, госпожа, за пазаруване, но ще се постарая.
fishриба, риби
In any case there won’t be any fish.Във всеки случай няма да има риба.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
That doesn’t matter (‘nothing’); (and) we can get along without fish.Нищо; и без риба може.

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
beef brothбульон
patties (f. pl.)пирожки
What do you think of making (‘what will you say if we make’) bouillon and patties?Какво ще кажете, ако направим бульон и пирожки?

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
Yes, that’s fine; meat patties, don’t you think?Да, това е добре. Перушки с месо, нали?
eating, course of a mealядене, яденета
For the second course I’d like something especially Bulgarian.За второ ядене бих искала нещо българско.

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
fillпълня (I)
Let’s make peppers filled with cheese.Да направим чушки пълнени със сирене.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
I’ve never eaten that (dish); what is it?Не съм яла това ядене. Какво е?

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
previouslyпредварително
bakeопека - опичам (P-I)
peelобеля - обелвам (P-I)
simmeredзапържен, запържена
It’s very nice, especially if the peppers are first baked and peeled, and then filled with cheese and simmered in butter.Много е хубаво, особено ако чушките са предварително опечени и обелени и после напълнени със сирене и запържени в масло.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
heavyтежък, тежка
It sounds wonderful but won’t it be heavy?Изглежда да е хубаво, но няма ли да е тежко?

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
No, it’s not heavy.Не, не е тежко.
I’ll make the whole thing with pure butter.Ще направя всичко с чисто масло.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
I’m relying, countingразчитам (I)
Fine, I’m counting on you for it to be good.Добре, разчитам на теб да е хубаво.
beefговеждо
As for the meat, will it be possible to find good beef?За месо, ще можеш ли да намериш хубаво говеждо?

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
lambагнешко
vealтелешко
bakeпека (I)
No ma’am, the beef here isn’t good, but we can have (‘make’) lamb or roast veal.Не, госпожа; говеждото тук не е хубаво, но можем да направим агнешко или телешко печено.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
Not lamb, but veal won’t be bad.Не агнешко, но телешко няма да е лошо.
trimmings, things in additionгарнитура, гарнитури
What kind of things can you make to go with it?Какви гарнитури можеш да направиш?

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
I don’t know what to tell you about that.За това не зная какво да Ви кажа.
market stalls (only pl.)хали
I’ll see what there is when I go to the market (stalls).Като отида на халите, ще видя какво има.
saladсалата
The salad, do you want it with the meat?Салата, искате ли с месото?

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
Yes, of course, lettuce.Да, разбира се, зелена салата.

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
What kind of dessert?Какъв десерт?

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
lightлек, лека
Something very light.Нещо много леко.

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
creamкрем
Some sort of cream?Някакъв крем?

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
fruitплод, плодове
No cream. I think it will be best to have ice cream and later fruit.Не крем. Аз мисля, че най-добре ще е да направим сладолед и после плодове.
What kind of fruit do they have at the market now?Какви плодове има сега на пазаря?

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
seasonсезон, сезони
strawberryягода, ягоди
It’s now the season for strawberries.Сега е сезона на ягодите.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
freshпресен, пресна
Very good, ice cream with fresh fruit, and that will be all.Много хубаво, сладолед с пресни плодове и това ще е всичко.

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
serveсервирам (I)
Will we serve the coffee at the table?Кафе, на масата ли ще сервираме?

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
sitting roomсалон, салони
No, in the sitting room.Не, в салона.

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
Very well, ma’am.Добре, госпожо.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
silverсребро
Anna, the silver needs to be polished.Ана, среброто трябва да се лъсне.

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
I polished it the other day, but I’ll look it over again.Аз го лъсках миналия ден, но пак ще го прегледам.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
table clothпокривка (за масата)
All right (‘so’), I’ll give you a table cloth.Добре. Аз ще ти дам покривка за масата.
I’ll talk to Mr. Ivanov about the wine and will tell you.За виното ще говоря с господин Иванов и ще ти кажа.
That’s all, Anna.Това е всичко, Ана.
needнужда, нужди
If you need something, tell me!Ако имаш нужда от нещо, кажи ми!

Ана

EnglishBulgarian
Thank you, ma’am.Благодаря, госпожа.
(Ivanka goes out.)(Иванка излиза.)

Симеонова

EnglishBulgarian
Hello, Ivanke. How are you?Добър ден, Иванке. Какво правите?
I haven’t seen you for a long time.Не съм Ви виждала отдавна.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
latelyнапоследък
I’ve had a lot of work at home lately, and haven’t gone out.Напоследък имах много работа в къщи и не съм излизала.
How are you (‘what are you doing’)?Бие какво правите?

Симеонова

EnglishBulgarian
I’m fine, thanks.Добре съм, благодаря.
EnglishBulgarian
purchaseпокупка, покупки
returnвърна се - връщам се (P-I)
I was shopping in town and now I’m hurrying (to return) home as we have guests for lunch.Бях по покупки в града и сега бързам да се върна в къщи, че имаме гости за обяд.

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
detain, hold backзадържа - задържам (P-I)
Then I won’t hold you up.Тогава няма да Ви задържам.
telephoneтелефон, телефони
arrangeнаредя - нареждам (P-I)
One of these days I’ll call you up and we’ll arrange to see each other (more).Един от тези дни ще Ви се обадя по телефона, за да наредим да се видим за повече.

Симеонова

EnglishBulgarian
With (great) pleasure.С най-голямо удоволствие.
greet, saluteпоздравя-поздравявам (P-I)
Give my greetings to everyone at home.Поздравете всички в къщи!

Иванка

EnglishBulgarian
Thank you, the same to you.Благодаря, Вие също.

Grammar Notes

Note 17.1 Adjectives: Formation

Many adjectives add the necessary endings directly to the stem or root: /lóš/ ‘bad’, f. /lóš-a/, n. /lóš-o/, pl. /lóš-i/. Most adjectives, however, have some kind of adjective formant, a suffix which makes an adjective. Some of these are illustrated above: /-(e)n/, /-en/, /-ski/, /-ov/. Compare:

NounMeaningAdjectivef. formMeaning
народpeopleнароденf. народнаnational
златоgoldзлатенf. златнаgolden
лятоsummerлетенf. летнаpertaining to summer
студcold (noun)студенf. студенаcold (adj.)
БългарияBulgariaбългарскиBulgarian
агнеlambагнешкиpertaining to lamb
негоhimнеговhis

Note that the adjective ending is added to the stem or root, not to the noun as such. For example, to /zlat-/, not to /zlato/. The following notes discuss several such suffixes.

Note 17.1.1 /-(e)n/

Of the adjective formants noted above /-(e)n/ is one of the most frequent. As noted above, this ending is added to the stem of the word in question, so that other endings, such as the feminine /-a/, neuter /-o/ or /-e/, etc. do not appear before it. A masculine noun (or a feminine noun) having no ending, appears in the stem form and so the adjective endings seems to be added directly to it. Compare:

NounMeaningAdjectiveMeaning
автомобилcarавтомобиленpertaining to cars
аеропланairplaneаеропланенpertaining to airplanes
апетитappetiteапетитенappetizing
балетballetбалетенpertaining to ballet
вечерeveningвечеренpertaining to evening
вкусtasteвкусенtasty
джобpocketджобенpertaining to pockets
есенfallесененpertaining to fall
пролетspringпролетенpertaining to spring
самолетairplaneсамолетенpertaining to airplane

With common stems but with endings on the nouns, also:

NounMeaningAdjectiveMeaning
благодарениеthanksблагодаренthankful, indebted
главаheadглавенmain, principal
къщаhouseкъщенpertaining to houses
училищеschoolучилищенpertaining to school

The formant may also be /-Y(e)n/ as in:

NounMeaningAdjectiveMeaning
ръкаhandръченpertaining to hands

Note that all of these have moveable /e/.

The following adjective has both /-ov/ (see below) and /-(e)n/:

NounMeaningAdjectiveMeaning
дъждrainдъждовенrainy

Note 17.1.2 /-en/

/-en/ (or /-Yen/) is a less frequent adjective suffix, with the same ‘pertaining to’ meaning. Compare:

NounMeaningAdjectiveMeaning
бираbeerбиренpertaining to beer
виноwineвиненpertaining to wine
женаwomanжененmarried
копринаsilkкоприненof silk, silken
маслоbutterмасленpertaining to butter, greasy
студcold (noun)студенcold (adjective)

Note that /en/ does not have moveable /e/.

Note 17.1.3 /-ski/

The ending /-ski/ (also /-Iki/ and /-Šk‌i/) means ‘pertaining to, of the nature of’.

NounMeaningAdjectiveMeaning
агнеlambагнешкиpertaining to lamb
адвокатlawyerадвокатскиpertaining to lawyers
американец(an) AmericanамериканскиAmerican (adj.)
АнглияEnglandанглийскиEnglish
БалканBalkan mtn.балканскиBalkan
братbrotherбратскиbrotherly
баняbathбанскиpertaining to bathing
градcityградскиpertaining to a city
ергенbachelorергенскиpertaining to bachelors
медицинаmedicineмедицинскиpertaining to medicine
планинаmountainпланинскиpertaining to mountains
селоvillageселскиpertaining to villages
хотелhotelхотелскиpertaining to hotels

Note 17.1.4 /-ov/

неговата жена

The suffix /-ov/ has occurred with the pronominal stem: /neg-/ ‘he, him’, /negov/ ‘his’. It most often indicated possession and is usually added to masculine nouns (often indicating persons) ending in a consonant, rarely to feminine nouns. After certain palatals it is /-ev/. With some nouns the form /-Yev/ occurs. (Compare the ending /-ov-/, /-ev-/, /-Yev-/ which occurs with certain masculine nouns before the plural ending.) With some nouns it indicates ‘pertaining to ---’ (compare Note 17.1.5 below).

NounMeaningAdjectiveMeaning
банкаbankбанков’the bank’s …‘
баткоelder brotherбатков’brother’s’
бензинgasolineбензинов’the gasoline’s …‘
братbrotherбратовbrother’s
гербseal, crestгербовpertaining to seal
ИванIvanИвановIvan’s
плодfruitплодовpertaining to fruit
релсаrailрелсовpertaining to rails
розаroseрозовrosy
таткоfatherтатковfather’s
чичоuncleчичовuncle’s

Note 17.1.5 /-in/

The ending /-in/ (also /-Yin/) occurs after the pronominal stem /ney-/ ‘she, her’ and after (most) nouns with singular in /-a/. It indicates possession. For example:

NounMeaningAdjectiveMeaning
бабаgrandmotherбабинgrandmother’s
бащаfatherбащинfather’s
ЕленаPNЕленинElena’s
ИванкаPNИванкинIvanka’s
леляauntлелинaunt’s
майкаmotherмайчинmother’s
мамаmamaмаминmama’s
сестраsisterсестринsister’s

The suffixes of 17.1.1-3 are of a more general nature. The suffixes /-ov/ and /-in/, when added to nouns denoting individuals, relate to that particular individual. Compare /brátski/ ‘brotherly’ and /brátov/ ‘brother’s’.

Note 17.2 Verb: Prefixes (2)

Verb prefixes were discussed in Note 16.1. Ten verbs with all of their ordinary (single) prefix forms were given as illustration. In the next few units all verbs which have occurred will be reviewed and the more important prefix forms given. The verbs for this unit are:

бия — beat

PrefixPerfectiveImperfectiveMeaning
в-
въз-
до-
за-забиязабивамdrive in
зад-
из-избияизбивамkill off, slaughter
на-набиянабивамbeat, thrash; drive in
над-
о-
об-
от-отбияотбивамrepulse, turn aside, deduct
по-
под-подбияподбивамbeat down
пре-пребияпребивамbeat to death
пред-
през-
при-
про-пробияпробивамpierce, make a hole; get through
раз-разбияразбивамbreak up, shatter
с-сбиясбивамcompress; start to fight
у-убияубивамkill

From now on the verbs will be given without listing all of the prefixes.

-блека /се/

PrefixPerfectiveImperfectiveMeaning
о-облекаобличамdress, cloth
пре-о-пре-о-блекапреобличамchange clothes (see Note 22.2)
съ-съблекасъбличамtake off, undress

боли — it hurts

PrefixPerfectiveImperfectiveMeaning
за-заболизаболяваit starts hurting
по-поболипоболяваit hurts a little

бутам / бутна — push

PrefixPerfectiveImperfectiveMeaning
из-избутамизбутвамpush out
под-подбутнаподбутвамurge on, incite
про-пробутампробутвамpass off
раз-разбутамразбутвамstir up
с-сбутамсбутвамnudge, squeeze

бързам — hurry

PrefixPerfectiveImperfectiveMeaning
за-забързамзабързвамstart hurrying
из-избързамизбързвамspeed up
по-побързамhurry up
при-прибързамприбързвамmake haste, hurry
раз-разбързамразбързвам /се/bestir, bustle about

вали — it rains, it snows

PrefixPerfectiveImperfectiveMeaning
за-завализаваляваit starts raining (snowing)
на-навалинаваляваto snow to a great depth
по-повалиповаляваit rains, it snows a little
пре-преваляваit rains or it snows (now and then)

валя (see вали) — I person.

PrefixPerfectiveImperfectiveMeaning
про-провалипровалямwreck; frustrate
раз-развалиразвалямspoil, damage; corrupt
с-свалисвалямtake down, take off

варя — boil

PrefixPerfectiveImperfectiveMeaning
за-заварязаварвамcome upon someone by surprise
за-заварязаварявамweld, solder
из-изваряизварявамdistil, boil down
пре-преваряпреварявамboil hard
с-сварясварявамboil, cook

вечерям — dine, sup

PrefixPerfectiveImperfectiveMeaning
на-навечерям сеfinish dinner or supper

видя / виждам — see

PrefixPerfectiveImperfectiveMeaning
за-завидязавиждамenvy
пред-предвидяпредвиждамforesee; envisage

вървя — go, walk

PrefixPerfectiveImperfectiveMeaning
из-извървяизвървявамtravel, cover a distance

Drills

No drills are included in the provided pages for this unit (pages 527–541). The drill section for Unit 17 appears on subsequent pages not covered in this transcription.