The Market Place

Unit 16 is set at the market place (пазаря). The dialogue involves Борис, Иванка, and Петър visiting a Bulgarian open-air market early in the morning, encountering produce piled on the ground, bargaining with a peasant woman (селянката) over cheese, butter, and eggs, and sampling local goods. The grammar section (Note 16.1) provides a comprehensive reference for Bulgarian verb prefixes and their meanings.

Basic Sentences

The Market Place

Борис

English	Bulgarian
Come on, hurry up!	Хайде, побързайте!
be about to, get around to	наканя се-наканвам се (P-I)
before we get ready	докато се наканим
The market will be finished before we’re ready [to go].	Докато се наканим, пазарят ще свърши.

Иванка

English	Bulgarian
Well, I’m ready.	Ето, готова съм.

Петър

English	Bulgarian
What time does the market begin?	В колко часа започва пазарят?

Борис

English	Bulgarian
At six o’clock in the morning.	В шест часа сутринта.

Иванка

English	Bulgarian
At six o’clock in the morning?	В шест часа сутринта?
But who goes that early?	Че кой става толкова рано?

Борис

English	Bulgarian
people	хора
The people get up early here.	Хората тук стават рано.
streetcar	трамвай, трамваи
Here’s the streetcar.	Ето трамваят!
catch	хвана - хващам (P-I)
Hurry so we’ll catch it!	Побързайте да го хванем!

Иванка

English	Bulgarian
Is it far?	Далеч ли е?

Борис

English	Bulgarian
No, we’ll be there in twenty minutes.	Не, за двадесет минути сме там.
get off	слеза - слизам (P-I)
Here’s the market place. Let’s get off.	Ето го пазарят. Хайде да слезем!

Иванка

English	Bulgarian
lose oneself	губя се - загубя се (I-P)
crowd	навалица
Hey, wait, or we’ll be lost (that we not be lost) in this crowd.	Хей, чакайте да не се загубим в тая навалица.

Борис

English	Bulgarian
We won’t get lost. Come on!	Няма да се загубим. Хайде!

Петър

English	Bulgarian
pile	натрупам - натрупвам (P-I)
heap	куп, купове
ground	земя, земи
What’s that piled (in heaps) on the ground, Boris?	Борисе, какво е това натрупаното на купове на земята?

Борис

English	Bulgarian
Don’t you recognize these things?	Не познаваш ли тези работи?
pepper	чушка, чушки
pumpkin	тиква, тикви
down(wards)	надолу
watermelon	диня, дини
cantelope	пъпеш, пъпеши
Here are peppers and pumpkins, further on watermelons and cantelopes.	Това са чушки и тикви, а по-надолу дини и пъпеши.

Петър

English	Bulgarian
unload	стоваря - стоварвам (P-I)
Dumped on the ground that way?	Така стоварени на земята?
box, case	сандък, сандъци
Why aren’t they in boxes?	Защо не са в сандъци?

Борис

English	Bulgarian
peasant	селянин, селяни
carry	нося (I)
There are [some] in boxes, too, but the peasants themselves carry them this way in their wagons.	Има и в сандъци, но самите селяни ги носят така с колите си.

Петър

English	Bulgarian
Are there merchants on the market place, too?	Има ли и търговци на пазаря?

Борис

English	Bulgarian
Of course there are merchants, too.	Разбира се има и търговци.
merchandise	стока, стоки
There are also peasants who bring their goods themselves.	Има и селяни, които си носят стоката сами.

Иванка

English	Bulgarian
cheap	евтин, евтина
They must be cheaper.	Те трябва да са по-евтини.

Петър

English	Bulgarian
bargain	пазаря се (I)
Do we have to bargain?	Ние трябва ли да се пазарим?

Борис

English	Bulgarian
At one time we used to bargain, but now we pay as much as they ask of us.	Едно време се пазарехме, но сега плащаме толкова колкото ни поискат.

Иванка

English	Bulgarian
pretty	красив, красива
pots, pottery	грънци
Peter, look at the pretty pottery!	Петре, виж красивите грънци!
souvenir	спомен, спомени
Let’s buy something as a souvenir.	Хайде да си купим нещо за спомен!

Петър

English	Bulgarian
break	счупя - счупвам (P-I)
but	ами
It’ll be broken by the time we get to America but let’s take one (to put) the cheese we buy in.	Докато си отидем в Америка ще се счупи, ами да вземем едно, че да си сложим сирене в него.

Борис

English	Bulgarian
peasant woman	селянка, селянки
Speaking of cheese, I know a peasant woman who brings in cheese.	Казваш сирене; аз зная една селянка, която носи сирене.
There she is over there.	Ето я там.

Борис /към селянката/

English	Bulgarian
married woman (voc.)	бульо
Hello there, auntie!	Добър ден, бульо!

Селянката

English	Bulgarian
God	Бог, богове
God bless you (‘God give you good’), Mr. Popov.	Дал ти Бог добро, господин Попов.

Борис

English	Bulgarian
Mr. (in villages)	бай
Where is Mr. Ivan?	Къде е бай Иван?

Селянката

English	Bulgarian
rarely	рядко
He rarely comes to the market place.	Той идва много рядко на пазар.

Борис

English	Bulgarian
jar	гърне, гърнета
What do you have in (your) jar?	Какво имаш в гърнето?

Селянката

English	Bulgarian
butter	масло
egg	яйце, яйца
(Some) cheese. I have butter and eggs, too.	Сирене; имам също масло и яйца.

Борис

English	Bulgarian
Well, do!	Ха така!
kilogram	кило, кила
Give me two kilograms of butter, three kilograms of cheese and forty eggs.	Дай ми две кила масло, три кила сирене и четиресет яйца.

Иванка

English	Bulgarian
Get some for us, too, Boris!	Борисе, вземи и за нас!

Селянката

English	Bulgarian
curds	извара
Don’t you want curds?	Не искаш ли извара?

Борис

English	Bulgarian
No, I don’t like them.	Не, не я обичам.

Селянката

English	Bulgarian
wife (peasant word); bride	булка, булки
Is that your wife?	Това твоята булка ли е?

Борис

English	Bulgarian
bachelor	ерген, ергени
Don’t you know? I’m a bachelor.	Нали знаеш, аз съм ерген.
The lady is an American, the wife of this gentleman.	Госпожата е американка, съпруга на този господин.

Селянката

English	Bulgarian
An American, eh? Does she speak Bulgarian?	Американка, а? Говори ли български?

Иванка

English	Bulgarian
Yes, I understand everything.	Да, всичко разбирам.

Борис

English	Bulgarian
How much does everything cost?	Колко струва всичко?

Селянката

English	Bulgarian
Fifty two leva.	Петдесет и два лева.

Борис

English	Bulgarian
Goodbye!	Довиждане!

Селянката

English	Bulgarian
health	здраве
Goodbye and good luck!	Хайде, със здраве!

Иванка

English	Bulgarian
Where is Peter?	Къде е Петър?

Борис

English	Bulgarian
cotton material	басма, басми
There he is by the cotton material.	Ето го там при басмите.

Иванка

English	Bulgarian
What are they selling there?	Какво продават там?

Борис

English	Bulgarian
boil	варя (I)
corn on the cob	царевица
Corn on the cob.	Варена царевица.

Иванка

English	Bulgarian
I’m hungry.	Аз съм гладна.
Let’s go buy (some)!	Хайде да си купим!

Петър

English	Bulgarian
spoil	разваля-развалям (P-I)
appetite	апетит
It’s already lunchtime, you’ll spoil your appetite.	Вече е обед, ще си развалиш апетита.
Let’s go home!	Хайде да се прибираме!

Grammar Notes

Note 16.1 Verb: Prefixes

The function of the prefix with regard to aspect was briefly discussed in Note 7.2. Following is a list of the prefixes commonly used and a general idea of the type of meaning associated with the prefix. One must not expect to add the ‘meaning’ of the prefix and that of the root and get the meaning of the prefix verb. There is too much specialization of usage for this to be generally possible. However, the relation of the prefix to the meaning is usually quite clear.

в, въ

a) into

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Compare	Root meaning
влеза	enter	излеза	go out
впиша	inscribe	пиша	write
въведа	lead in; introduce	водя	lead

b) going from one situation to another

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
вдетиня се	become childish	дете	child
вдървя се	become stiff	дърво	tree
въстана	rise (in revolt)	стана	get up; become

въз

a) action directed upward (literal and figurative)

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Compare	Root meaning
възкача се	ascend, mount	качвам се	rise
възнеса се	rise, ascend	нося се	float, drift
възпитам	bring up, educate	питам	ask

b) restraining action

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
въздържа се	refrain	държа	hold
възпра	hold back	спра	stop

c) action repeated, something brought to a prior state, again

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
възродя	regenerate	родя	bear (child)
възразя	retort	изразя	phrase, expression

d) fully

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
възприема	catch on, perceive	приема	accept
възхитя	fill with admiration	—	—

до-

a) up to (literal and figurative); contact

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
донеса	bring	нося	carry
добавя	add to, supplement	бавя	delay

b) (extensions of the meaning ‘to’)

Prefixed verb	Meaning
допадам	please (‘fall to’ the liking of)
допусна	admit, allow (‘let to’ this extent)
досетя се	guess, remember (‘recall to’ this extent)
докача	reach, touch (‘reach up to’)
докача се	be offended (‘touched to’ this extent)

c) come to be in a particular state of mind or feeling (impersonal with dative or accusative)

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
дояжда ми се	I feel like eating	ям	eat
допива ми се	I feel like drinking	пия	drink
досмешава ме	I feel like laughing	смея се	laugh
досрамява ме	I feel ashamed	срамувам се	be ashamed

d) action carried through to the end, completely

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
догледам	look at to the very end	гледам	look at
допиша	finish writing	пиша	write

за-

a) beginning of action

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Compare	Root meaning
загледам /се/	start looking at; (also c) stare at	гледам	look at
заговоря /се/	start talking; (also c) become involved in talking	говоря	speak

b) completion of action

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
завърша	finish	върша	do
зарастна	heal, grow over (of healing)	раста	grow

c) intensify action; deeply involve (see also a)

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
задължа	obligate	дължа	owe
загазя	be stuck	газя	wade (through)
загубя се	get lost; be lost in	губя	lose
задържа	hold back	държа	hold

из-

a) out of, out

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Compare	Root meaning
издам	give out; edit; betray	дам	give
излеза	go out	влеза	go in

b) action completely carried out; action which exhausts itself

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
издържа	hold out, endure	държа	hold
изработя	produce	работя	work
износя	wear out	нося	wear

c) action performed on many objects at the same time

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Compare	Root meaning
извема	take away (from many)	взема	take
избия	slaughter, massacre	бия	beat

на-

a) definite direction of the action, including completion of the action; perfectivizer

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
налея	pour in	лея	pour
напиша	finish writing	пиша	write

b) intensified verbal action, action done to satiety

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
наям се	eat enough	ям	eat
нагледам се	look enough	гледам	look

c) (beginning of) action on a restricted scale

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
наболява ме	it hurts me slightly	боли	hurt
намисля	to have a notion of doing something	мисля	think

d) action directed toward a place

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
нападна	attack	падам	fall
навлеза	invade, penetrate	влеза	enter

над-

a) action performed above something

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
надпиша	label, title; address	пиша	write
надвисна	hang over; threaten; impend	вися	hang

b) action performed over and above a given amount

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
надвзема	overdraw	взема	take
наддам	put on, gain (weight); bid	дам	give

c) to ‘out-do’ someone

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
надмина	outdistance	мина	pass
надвия	overcome, best (in competition)	вия	bend, twist

о-

a) action which takes place ‘around’ or on the periphery of something

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
огледам	look around or over	гледам	look
огранича	limit, confine	гранича	border on
облепя	stick (something) all over	лепя	stick on
обвия	wrap up	вия	bend

b) action which is directed to produce a particular quality or result

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
оздравея	get well	здрав	healthy
оправя	set in order	правя	do
обмисля	think over	мисля	think
обменя	exchange	сменя	change

от-

a) from (separation or derivation)

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
отпадна	drop off; decline	падам	fall
отпусна	let loose, let go	пускам	let

b) action directed toward something or toward another situation

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
отговоря	answer	говоря	speak
отменя	abolish	сменя	change
отмина	pass by	минавам	pass

c) return something to a former state

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
откача	unhook	качвам	raise
отключа	unlock	заключа	lock

d) action performed in abundance, to satiety or completely

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
отгледам	see enough; bring up	гледам	look
отям	eat enough	ям	eat

пре-

a) transfer of something from one place to another; passage over a certain distance or across a boundary

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
премина	pass over, cross	минавам	pass
предам	hand over	дам	give
преместя	move, transfer	местя	move
прекарам	pass (something) through	карам	drive

b) action which exceeds a given limit

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
прелея	overflow	лея	pour
преям	overeat	ям	eat

c) action which repeats a former action

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
прекупя	buy at second hand	купя	buy
препиша	copy out	пиша	write

d) action directed towards limiting, hindering, delaying, or stopping something

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
пречупя	break in two	чупя	break
превържа	bandage	връжа	tie
преградя	partition off	градя	build

e) change in aspect or content of something

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
преправя	alter, remake	правя	make
превзема	take over	взема	take

f) action carried through

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
прекарам	spend (time)	карам	drive
преживея	experience	живея	live

пред-

a) action done in advance

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
предплатя	pay in advance	платя	pay
предскажа	predict	кажа	say

b) action which precedes something

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
предвождам	lead (going ahead)	водя	lead
предхождам	precede	ходя	walk

c) inclination or direction of action towards something

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
предпиша	prescribe	пиша	write
предложа	offer; suggest	сложа	put on

през-

a) through, during (rare prefix)

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
презполовя	halve	половина	half

при-

a) approach, nearing; action performed up to or toward something

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Compare	Root meaning
пристигна	arrive at	стигам	arrive
приближа	approach, come near	близо	near

b) addition, supplementing

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
придам	add (to)	дам	give
прикача	hitch on, couple	кача	raise

c) come to be in a particular state of mind or feeling, usually desire (impersonal with dative or accusative)

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
прияжда ми се	I feel like eating	ям	eat
припива ми се	I feel like drinking	пия	drink

Compare до-

d) feeling (something) to a slight degree

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
приболява ме	I feel a slight pain	боли	hurt
прилошава ми	I feel somewhat bad	лошо ми е	I feel bad

e) completion of action

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
прибера	put away	бера	pick up
приключа	conclude, close	ключ	key

про-

a) action through something

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
пробия	pierce, drill	бия	beat
прокарам	put through	карам	drive

b) action done thoroughly

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
проуча	make a study of	уча	study
проведа	carry through	водя	lead

c) action done from beginning to end or continuing

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
прочета	read through	чета	read
продълбая	dig through	дълбая	dig

d) beginning a continuing action

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
проговоря	start talk	говоря	speak
проходя	begin walking	ходя	walk

e) action which begins suddenly

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
провикна се	cry out	викам	call
прогърмя	thunder (suddenly)	гърмя	thunder

раз-

a) coming apart, disintegration

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
разложа	decompose	сложа	put on
разпадна се	fall apart	падам	fall

b) action done in various directions or in scattered places

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
разотида се	disperse	отида	go
разведа	take around	водя	lead

c) action of a violent or destructive nature done thoroughly

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
разваля	spoil, mar, destroy	—	—
разбия	shatter	бия	hit

d) return something to a previous condition by taking it apart, or nullifying an existing condition

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
развържа	untie	връжа	tie
разтворя	open	затворя	close

e) beginning action of an intensive nature

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
разбързам се	start hurrying	бързам	hurry
разработя се	start working intensely	работя	work

с-

a) unification; gathering together

Prefixed verb	Meaning	Root	Root meaning
сближа	bring together	близо	near
сбера/събера	gather	бера	pick
слея	fuse, merge	лея	pour

Drills

No drills are included in the provided pages for this unit (pages 488–502). The drill section for Unit 16 appears on subsequent pages not covered in this transcription.